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Orthodoxe Kirche in Deutschland im Spiegel der Statistik
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10. März 2007 abgelegt unter Orthodoxie.
DORTMUND – Die Kommission der Orthodoxen Kirche in Deutschland (KOKiD), der Verband aller orthodoxen Diözesen des Landes, hat die neusten statistischen Zahlen zur Orthodoxie in Deutschland (Stand: 1. Dezember 2006) bekanntgegeben. Danach gibt es derzeit 394 Gemeinden und feste Gottesdienststätten in der Bundesrepublik, die von 268 geistlichen (10 Bischöfen, 220 Priestern, 26 Diakonen und 8 Hypodiakonen) betreut werden.
Größtes Bistum mit 168 Gemeinden und Gottesdienststätten und 69 Priestern für rund 400.000 Gläubige ist weiterhin die Griechisch-Orthodoxe Metropolie von Deutschland, in Deutschland kleinstes Bistum das Exarchat der orthodoxen Gemeinden russischer Tradition in Westeuropa, das seinen Bischofssitz in Paris hat und dem Ökumenischen Patriarchat angehört: Es hat in Deutschland lediglich zwei Gemeinden (in Düsseldorf und Stuttgart) mit zusammen etwa 180 Gläubigen.
Drei Bistümer bilden inzwischen eine Art “Mittelbau”, nämlich die Berliner Diözese der Russischen Orthodoxen Kirche mit etwa 180.000 Gläubigen in 65 Gemeinden, die von 51 Priestern betreut werden; die Serbische Diözese für Mitteleuropa mit etwa 280.000 Gläubigen, 76 Gottesdienststätten und 44 Priestern in Deutschland sowie die rumänische Metropolie für Deutschland, Zentral- und Nordeuropa, die in Deutschland rund 300.000 Gläubige mit 41 Gottesdienststätten und 32 Priestern zählt. Kleinere Diözesen in Deutschland sind sodann die Metropolie von West- und Mitteleuropa der Griechisch-Orthodoxen Kirche von Antiochia (rum-orthodox), die ihren Bischofssitz in Paris hat und hierzulande rund 13.000 Gläubige mit 10 Priestern und 19 Gottesdienststätten zählt, sowie die Bulgarische Diözese von West- und Mitteleuropa mit zwar 60.000 Gläubigen, aber nur 6 Priestern und 8 Gottesdienststätten.
Zu den kleineren Bistümern zählt sodann die Westeuropäische Diözese der Georgischen Orthodoxen Kirche, die in Deutschland rund 10.000 Gläubige mit vier regelmäßigen Gottesdienststätten, aber nur zwei Priestern hat. In den letzten fünf Jahren, also von 2002 bis 2007, ist nach Angaben der KOKiD die Zahl der Gemeinden aller orthodoxen Diözesen in Deutschland von 318 auf 394 gestiegen, die der Priester von 193 auf 220. Das – vor allem seit 1990 – starke Wachstum der Orthodoxen Kirche in Deutschland beruht weitestgehend auf der Zuwanderung aus den Ländern des ehemaligen kommunistischen Machtbereichs. So gab es 2002 noch 45 feste Gottesdienststätten der Russischen Orthodoxen Kirche des Moskauer Patriarchats in Deutschland, die von 33 Priestern betreut wurden; heute sind es 65 mit 51 Priestern.
Ähnliche numerische Entwicklungen haben die serbische und die rumänische Diözese aufzuweisen. Entsprechend haben nahezu 99 % der orthodoxen Christen in der Bundesrepublik einen Migrationshintergrund und sind zudem zwei Drittel von ihnen erst in den letzten 15 Jahren nach Deutschland gekommen. Lediglich die griechischen und ein erheblicher Teil der serbischen Orthodoxen leben schon seit einigen Jahrzehnten in diesem Lande, aber auch sie kamen in der Regel erst seit den 60er Jahren des vorigen Jahrhunderts als so genannte “Gastarbeiter” nach Deutschland. Unter den orthodoxen Geistlichen ist der Anteil von ethnischen Deutschen mit 10,4 % (= 28 Personen) zwar deutlich größer als unter der Gesamtzahl der Gläubigen, aber in den einzelnen Diözesen sehr unterschiedlich: 15 der ethnisch deutschen orthodoxen Geistlichen gehören zur Russischen Orthodoxen Kirche (und machen dort immerhin einen Anteil von 20 % aus), vier zur Bulgarischen Diözese (= 44 %), lediglich drei zur Griechisch-Orthodoxen Metropolie (= 4 % ihrer Kleriker) und je zwei zur serbischen und rumänischen Diözese (= 4 bzw. 5,4 %).
Lediglich die beiden Gemeinden des Exarchats der orthodoxen Gemeinden russischer Tradition (innerhalb des Ökumenischen Patriarchats) in Deutschland werden beide von deutschen Pfarrern geleitet. Die regionale Verteilung der Gemeinden ist recht unterschiedlich: Die großen Städte Deutschlands weisen durchaus eine Vielzahl orthodoxer Pfarreien auf – sowohl für die unterschiedlichen Nationen wie auch teilweise in verschiedenen Stadtteilen für Angehörige des gleichen Bistums. Vorreiter ist hier München, wo es immerhin bereits 14 orthodoxe Gemeinden gibt, gefolgt von Berlin mit 10 und Stuttgart mit 9 sowie Düsseldorf, Köln und Nürnberg mit je 7, Frankfurt und Karlsruhe mit je 6 und Hamburg, Hannover, Ulm und Regensburg mit je 5.
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8. Januar 08 um
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21:47
Sehr geehrte Redaktion,
ich habe mir sorgfältig ihren Artikel ,,Orthodoxe Kirche in Deutschland im Spiegel der Statistik,, durchgelsen und habe mit bedauern festgestellt ,dass keine Auskunft über die Syrsich-orthodoxe Kirche enthalten ist.
Die Syrisch-orthodoxen Kirche ist in deutschland und europa weit verbreitet.
Ich bitte um rückmeldung weshalb,keine Auskunft über die Syrisch – orthodoxen im Artikel enthalten sind.
Ich danke im vorraus.
MfG
S.Aydin
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14. Januar 08 um
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08:57
Sehr geehrter Herr Aydin, der obige Artikel enthält Zahlen die von der Kommission der Orthodoxen Kirche in Deutschland (KOKiD) veröffentlicht wurden. Wenn Ihnen Details fehlen oder Sie Ergänzungen haben schreiben Sie diese doch hier dazu oder verweisen auf eine entsprechende Internetadresse, gerne können Sie auch einen kompletten Artikel über die syrisch-orthodoxe Kirche verfassen.
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30. Juli 09 um
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11:35
Sehr verehrte Damen, sehr geehrte Herren.
Ich habe gelesen, daß es in Frankfurt 6 Gemeinden gibt. Ich habe Besuch aus der Ukraine. Dieser wollte zum Gottesdienst gehen. Ich habe versucht, Gottesdienstzeiten zu erfahren und mit den angegebenen Gemeinden zu Telefonieren. Ergebnis: 4 x kein Anschluß unter dieser Nummer, 2 x kein Kontak, da das Telefon nicht besetzt ist. Warum wird bei der Veröffenlichung nicht mitgeteilt, wann die Gemeinden zu erreichen sind.